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Cognition Module navigation.
Module Introduction
Lesson Goals
Foundations
Models
Perception
Attention
Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Decision Making
Workload Analysis
Summary
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Cognition > Attention - 5 of 10
 
 


Control

Attention Control - Our attention constantly shifts as a result of voluntary direction (internal) or automatically as a result of attention attracting stimuli (external) in the environment. Our focus of attention results from whether a stimulus activates Top-Down (internal) or Bottom-Up (external) processes.

  • Top-Down - Attention control is under conscious direction, using information residing in memory stores. It is also termed concept driven or effortful attention. Top-Down attention is purposefully directed and is influenced by expectancy and relevance, as well as prior knowledge and experience. Examples are a search task such as when looking for the face of a friend in a crowd, seeking a specific item on a control display, or concentrating on performing a task. Top-down attention is slower than bottom-up attention.*
  • Bottom-Up - Attention is captured by external stimuli, usually unexpected events. This is also termed data driven or automatic attention. Examples are a bright flash of light, a loud sound, loss of balance due to slippery conditions, or impact by an object. Bottom-up attention is very rapid, reaching its maximum 100-200 milliseconds after stimulus perception.*
Top-Down Processing
Maintainer concentrating on task performance and directing his attention to parts inspection.
Bottom-Up Processing
Smoke & Fire alarms, police and fire engine sirens--all capture our attention.

*Taylor, J.G., "Recent Advances in Understanding Attention," Science & Consciousness Review, 2003, on-line.		  
 

  

  
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